In addition to the storage class specifier keywords, a declaration can use certain modifiers to alter some aspect of the identifier. The modifiers available are summarized in CodeGear C++ modifiers.
The following table summarizes the effects of a modifier applied to a called function. For every modifier, the table shows the order in which the function parameters are pushed on the stack. Next, the table shows whether the calling program (the caller) or the called function (the callee) is responsible for popping the parameters off the stack. Finally, the table shows the effect on the name of a global function.
Calling Conventions
Modifier |
Push parameters |
Pop parameters |
Name change (only in C) |
__cdecl1 |
Right to left |
Caller |
'_' prepended |
__fastcall |
Left to right |
Callee |
'@' prepended |
__pascal |
Left to right |
Callee |
Uppercase |
__stdcall |
Right to left |
Callee |
No change |
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