Category 

C++-Specific Keywords 

Description 

Most real-world applications consist of more than one source file. The files can be authored and maintained by more than one developer. Eventually, the separate files are organized and linked to produce the final application. Traditionally, the file organization requires that all names that aren't encapsulated within a defined namespace (such as function or class body, or translation unit) must share the same global namespace. Therefore, multiple definitions of names discovered while linking separate modules require some way to distinguish each name. The solution to the problem of name clashes in the global scope is provided by the C++ namespace mechanism. 

The namespace mechanism allows an application to be partitioned into a number of subsystems. Each subsystem can define and operate within its own scope. Each developer is free to introduce whatever identifiers are convenient within a subsystem without worrying about whether such identifiers are being used by someone else. The subsystem scope is known throughout the application by a unique identifier. 

It only takes two steps to use C++ namespaces. The first is to uniquely identify a namespace with the keyword namespace. The second is to access the elements of an identified namespace by applying the using keyword.