Name 

Description 

_setcursortype 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void _setcursortype(int cur_t);
Description
Selects cursor appearance.
Sets the cursor type to  

cgets 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
char *cgets(char *str);
Description
Reads a string from the console.
cgets reads a string of characters from the console, storing the string (and the string length) in the location pointed to by str.
cgets reads characters until it encounters a carriage-return/linefeed (CR/LF) combination, or until the maximum allowable number of characters have been read. If cgets reads a CR/LF combination, it replaces the combination with a \0 (null terminator) before storing the string.
Before cgets is called, set str[0] to the maximum length of the string to be read. On return, str[1]... more 

clreol 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void clreol(void);
Description
Clears to end of line in text window.
clreol clears all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line within the current text window, without moving the cursor.Return Value
None.
Example  

clrscr 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void clrscr(void);
Description
Clears the text-mode window.
clrscr clears the current text window and places the cursor in the upper left corner (at position 1,1).Return Value
None.
Example  

cprintf 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]);
Description
Writes formatted output to the screen.
cprintf accepts a series of arguments, applies to each a format specifier contained in the format string pointed to by format, and outputs the formatted data directly to the current text window on the screen. There must be the same number of format specifiers as arguments.
For details details on format specifiers, see printf Format Specifiers.
The string is written either directly to screen memory or by way of a BIOS call, depending on the value of the global... more 

cputs 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int cputs(const char *str);
Description
Writes a string to the screen.
cputs writes the null-terminated string str to the current text window. It does not append a newline character.
The string is written either directly to screen memory or by way of a BIOS call, depending on the value of the global variable _directvideo. Unlike puts, cputs does not translate linefeed characters (\n) into carriage-return/linefeed character pairs (\r\n).Return Value
cputs returns the last character printed.
Example  

cscanf 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int cscanf(char *format[, address, ...]);
Description
Scans and formats input from the console.
cscanf scans a series of input fields one character at a time, reading directly from the console. Then each field is formatted according to a format specifier passed to cscanf in the format string pointed to by format. Finally, cscanf stores the formatted input at an address passed to it as an argument following format, and echoes the input directly to the screen. There must be the same number of format specifiers and addresses as there are input fields.... more 

delline 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void delline(void);
Description
Deletes line in text window.
delline deletes the line containing the cursor and moves all lines below it one line up. delline operates within the currently active text window.Return Value
None.
Example  

getch 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int getch(void);
Description
Gets character from keyboard, does not echo to screen.
getch reads a single character directly from the keyboard, without echoing to the screen.Return Value
getch returns the character read from the keyboard.
Example  

getche 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int getche(void);
Description
Gets character from the keyboard, echoes to screen.
getche reads a single character from the keyboard and echoes it to the current text window using direct video or BIOS.Return Value
getche returns the character read from the keyboard.
Example  

getpass 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
char *getpass(const char *prompt);
Description
Reads a password.
getpass reads a password from the system console after prompting with the null-terminated string prompt and disabling the echo. A pointer is returned to a null-terminated string of up to eight characters (not counting the null-terminator).Return Value
The return value is a pointer to a static string that is overwritten with each call.
Example  

gettext 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);
Description
Copies text from text mode screen to memory.
gettext stores the contents of an onscreen text rectangle defined by left, top, right, and bottom into the area of memory pointed to by destin.
All coordinates are absolute screen coordinates not window-relative. The upper left corner is (1,1). gettext reads the contents of the rectangle into memory sequentially from left to right and top to bottom.
Each position onscreen takes 2 bytes of memory: The first byte is the character in... more 

gettextinfo 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void gettextinfo(struct text_info *r);
Description
Gets text mode video information.
gettextinfo fills in the text_info structure pointed to by r with the current text video information.
The text_info structure is defined in conio.h as follows:
struct text_info {
unsigned char winleft; /* left window coordinate */
unsigned char wintop; /* top window coordinate */
unsigned char winright; /* right window coordinate */
unsigned char winbottom; /* bottom window coordinate */
unsigned char attribute; /* text attribute */
unsigned char normattr; /* normal attribute */
unsigned char currmode; /* BW40, BW80, C40, C80,... more 

gotoxy 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void gotoxy(int x, int y);

highvideo 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void highvideo(void);
Description
Selects high-intensity characters.
highvideo selects high-intensity characters by setting the high-intensity bit of the currently selected foreground color.
This function does not affect any characters currently onscreen, but does affect those displayed by functions (such as cprintf) that perform direct video, text mode output after highvideo is called.Return Value
None.
Example  

insline 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void insline(void);
Description
Inserts a blank line in the text window.
insline inserts an empty line in the text window at the cursor position using the current text background color. All lines below the empty one move down one line, and the bottom line scrolls off the bottom of the window.Return Value
None.
Example  

kbhit 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int kbhit(void);
Description
Checks for currently available keystrokes.
kbhit checks to see if a keystroke is currently available. Any available keystrokes can be retrieved with getch or getche.Return Value
If a keystroke is available, kbhit returns a nonzero value. Otherwise, it returns 0.
Example  

lowvideo 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void lowvideo(void);
Description
Selects low-intensity characters.
lowvideo selects low-intensity characters by clearing the high-intensity bit of the currently selected foreground color.
This function does not affect any characters currently onscreen. It affects only those characters displayed by functions that perform text mode, direct console output after this function is called.Return Value
None.
Example  

movetext 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int movetext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, int destleft, int desttop);
Description
Copies text onscreen from one rectangle to another.
movetext copies the contents of the onscreen rectangle defined by left, top, right, and bottom to a new rectangle of the same dimensions. The new rectangle’s upper left corner is position (destleft, desttop).
All coordinates are absolute screen coordinates. Rectangles that overlap are moved correctly.
movetext is a text mode function performing direct video output.
Note:Do not use this function in Win32 GUI applications.
Return Value
On success, movetext... more 

normvideo 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void normvideo(void);
Description
Selects normal-intensity characters.
normvideo selects normal characters by returning the text attribute (foreground and background) to the value it had when the program started.
This function does not affect any characters currently on the screen, only those displayed by functions (such as cprintf) performing direct console output functions after normvideo is called.Return Value
None.
Example  

putch 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int putch(int c);
Description
Outputs character to screen.
putch outputs the character c to the current text window. It is a text mode function performing direct video output to the console. putch does not translate linefeed characters (\n) into carriage-return/linefeed pairs.
The string is written either directly to screen memory or by way of a BIOS call, depending on the value of the global variable _directvideo.Return Value
On success, putch returns the character printed, c. On error, it returns EOF.... more 

puttext 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int puttext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *source);
Description
Copies text from memory to the text mode screen.
puttext writes the contents of the memory area pointed to by source out to the onscreen rectangle defined by left, top, right, and bottom.
All coordinates are absolute screen coordinates, not window-relative. The upper left corner is (1,1).
puttext places the contents of a memory area into the defined rectangle sequentially from left to right and top to bottom.
Each position onscreen takes 2 bytes of memory: The first byte is... more 

textattr 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void textattr(int newattr);
Description
Sets text attributes.textattr lets you set both the foreground and background colors in a single call. (Normally, you set the attributes with textcolor and textbackground.)
This function does not affect any characters currently onscreen; it affects only those characters displayed by functions (such as cprintf) performing text mode, direct video output after this function is called.
The color information is encoded in the newattr parameter as follows:
In this 8-bit newattr parameter:

• bits 0-3 contain the 4-bit... more 

textbackground 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void textbackground(int newcolor);
Description
Selects new text background color.textbackground selects the background color. This function works for functions that produce output in text mode directly to the screen. newcolor selects the new background color. You can set newcolor to an integer from 0 to 7, or to one of the symbolic constants defined in conio.h. If you use symbolic constants, you must include conio.h.
Once you have called textbackground, all subsequent functions using direct video output (such as cprintf) will use... more 

textcolor 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void textcolor(int newcolor);
Description
Selects new character color in text mode.textcolor selects the foreground character color. This function works for the console output functions. newcolor selects the new foreground color. You can set newcolor to an integer as given in the table below, or to one of the symbolic constants defined in conio.h. If you use symbolic constants, you must include conio.h.
Once you have called textcolor, all subsequent functions using direct video output (such as cprintf) will use newcolor. textcolor... more 

textmode 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void textmode(int newmode);
Description
Puts screen in text mode.textmode selects a specific text mode.
You can give the text mode (the argument newmode) by using a symbolic constant from the enumeration type text_modes (defined in conio.h).
The most commonly used text_modes type constants and the modes they specify are given in the following table. Some additional values are defined in conio.h.  

ungetch 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int ungetch(int ch);
Description
Pushes a character back to the keyboard buffer.ungetch pushes the character ch back to the console, causing ch to be the next character read. The ungetch function fails if it is called more than once before the next read.
Return Value
On success, ungetch returns the character ch.
On error, it returns EOF.
Example  

wherex 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int wherex(void);
Description
Gives horizontal cursor position within window.wherex returns the x-coordinate of the current cursor position (within the current text window).
Return Value
wherex returns an integer in the range 1 to the number of columns in the current video mode.
Example  

wherey 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
int wherey(void);
Description
Gives vertical cursor position within window.wherey returns the y-coordinate of the current cursor position (within the current text window).
Return Value
wherey returns an integer in the range 1 to the number of rows in the current video mode.
Portability  

window 

Header File
conio.h
Category
Console I/O Routines
Prototype
void window(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
Description
Defines active text mode window.window defines a text window onscreen. If the coordinates are in any way invalid, the call to window is ignored.
left and top are the screen coordinates of the upper left corner of the window.
right and bottom are the screen coordinates of the lower right corner.
The minimum size of the text window is one column by one line. The default window is full screen, with... more